In November 2011, 150 GPS engineers convened at Stanford University's Linear Accelerator Center to discuss the burgeoning $110 billion GPS market, particularly in military and commercial aviation. A significant concern was the potential interference from LightSquared's LTE network, which threatened the future reliability of GPS signals. This issue drew strong opposition from U.S. GPS manufacturers, the military, and various government departments, including Defense, Transportation, Homeland Security, and Agriculture, as well as Congress.
LightSquared, a privately held company backed by hedge funds and managed by Philip Falcone, was established in late 2010. The company aimed to develop a nationwide LTE network using a combination of satellite and ground-based systems. By 2012, LightSquared planned to cover 92% of U.S. users with its LTE network, with full deployment by 2015.
LightSquared's network operated in the L-band spectrum (1525 MHz-1559 MHz), which is very close to the GPS spectrum (1559 MHz-1610 MHz). This proximity caused significant interference with GPS receivers. Despite being a private enterprise, LightSquared received support from the Obama administration, which had proposed a National Wireless Initiative to build a high-speed wireless network covering 98% of the U.S. population within five years. This initiative aimed to propel the U.S. into the digital age by enabling rapid internet access via smartphones and tablets.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted preliminary approval for LightSquared's commercial network in January 2011. However, this approval was contingent on the network not interfering with GPS signals. If interference had not been an issue, LightSquared would have likely received final commercial approval from the FCC, allowing it to deploy its LTE network across the U.S.
The interference issue led to a significant backlash against LightSquared. The company argued that the problem was due to GPS receivers scanning adjacent frequency bands, not just their designated ones. This claim was seen as an attempt to solidify LightSquared's legal standing, as GPS and other radio receivers typically do not require FCC authorization.
The controversy surrounding LightSquared highlights the challenges of spectrum management in an increasingly connected world. The need for high-speed wireless networks must be balanced against the reliability of existing systems like GPS, which are crucial for various applications, including navigation, military operations, and emergency services.
The LightSquared saga serves as a cautionary tale about the complexities of modern telecommunications. While the push for nationwide high-speed internet is essential, it must not come at the expense of critical systems like GPS. The balance between innovation and reliability is delicate, and careful consideration is needed to ensure that new technologies do not disrupt existing ones.
For more information on the economic impact of GPS, you can visit RTI International. To learn more about the current state of GPS satellites, check out GPS.gov.
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