Making future value calculations, such as for investment analysis or retirement planning? Microsoft Excel can help. Excel's FV, or future value, function lets you easily calculate how an initial investment or regular payment grows over time because of compound interest.
The FV function calculates the future value of a loan or investment given its interest rate, the term (or number of payments), the payment, the present value (or loan balance), and, optionally, the type-of-annuity switch. If you set the type-of-annuity switch to 1, Excel assumes payments occur at the beginning of the period, following the annuity due convention. If you set the annuity switch to 0 or you omit the argument, Excel assumes payments occur at the end of the period following the ordinary annuity convention.
The function uses the following syntax:
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type)
For example, to calculate the future value of a $200-a-month savings program over 25 years assuming that the investor starts with $10,000 and earns 10% annual interest, you use the following formula:
=FV (10%/12,25*12,-200,-10000,0)
The function returns the value 385936.13. Notice that to convert the 10% annual interest to a monthly interest rate, the formula divides the annual interest rate by 12. Notice, too, that to convert the 25-year term to a term in months, the formula multiplies 25 by 12. The monthly payment and initial present values show as negative amounts because they represent cash outflows. And the function returns the future value amount as a positive value because it reflects a cash inflow the investor ultimately receives.
You can also use the FV function to estimate loan balloon payment amounts. Suppose, for example, that you want to calculate the balloon payment required to pay off a $150,000 mortgage with an 8% annual interest rate after the buyer has been making $1,200-a-month payments for 10 years. You use the following formula to make this estimate:
=FV (8%/12,10*12,-1200,150000,0)
The function returns the value –113410.79. Notice that the interest rate is divided by 12 and the number of years of payments is multiplied by 12 to adjust these figures to monthly amounts. Also, notice that the monthly payment amount shows as a negative value to show it represents a cash outflow, and the initial loan balance shows as a positive value to show that it represents a cash inflow.
Mastering Accrued Interest Calculations with Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is not just a spreadsheet program; it's a powerful tool for financial calculations, including the computation of accrued interest for various securities. Excel's built-in functions, ACCRINT and ACCRINTM, are specifically designed to simplify the process of calculating accrued interest for securities that pay periodic interest and those that pay at maturity, respectively. This article delves into the nuances of these functions, providing a detailed guide on how to use them effectively, along with common pitfalls to avoid.
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