What is Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease in which the heart muscle (myocardium) becomes abnormally thick (hypertrophied). HCM occurs if heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles (usually the left ventricle) to thicken.

The ventricle size often remains normal, but the thickening may block blood flow out of the ventricle. If this happens, the condition is called Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCN). Sometimes the septum, the wall that divides the left and right sides of the heart, thickens and bulges into the left ventricle.

This can block blood flow out of the left ventricle. Then the ventricle must work hard to pump blood. Symptoms can include chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath, or fainting. HCM also can affect the heart's mitral valve, causing blood to leak backward through the valve. Sometimes, the thickened heart muscle doesn't block blood flow out of the left ventricle. This is referred to as Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HNCM).

The entire ventricle may thicken, or the thickening may happen only at the bottom of the heart. The right ventricle also may be affected. In both obstructive and non-obstructive HCM, the thickened muscle makes the inside of the left ventricle smaller, so it holds less blood. The walls of the ventricle may stiffen, and as a result, the ventricle is less able to relax and fill with blood.

HCM can affect people of any age. It affects men and women equally but sometimes the prevalence of HCM is evaluated more in men as compared to women. It is a common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in young people, including young athletes.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease and an important cause of sudden death and heart failure symptoms. The current prevalence for HCM is based on echocardiographic population studies in which a substantial proportion of affected subjects have not come to clinical recognition.

In addition, most patients with HCM never develop (or recognize) cardiovascular symptoms, experience an adverse disease-related event, or are identified with another clinical marker (e.g., abnormal electrocardiogram and family history) which could lead to clinical Recognition.

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The goal of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent sudden cardiac death in people at high risk. Specific treatment varies depending on the severity of symptoms. There are no large randomized clinical trials available to evaluate different drug therapy in symptomatic patients with HCM.

Since most symptoms from H0CM are related to left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, which occurs during systole, medical therapy is aimed at lowering the heart rate to allow better diastolic filling and using negative inotropic agents to decrease the force of contractility. The pharmacotherapy of symptomatic HNCM consists of the treatment of heart failure with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEF).

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, such as verapamil are commonly used. These drugs slow the heart rate and decrease the inotropic force of left ventricular contraction, relieving the symptoms of HOCM. Beta-blockers act similarly in mechanism as the above in HOCM patients. Disopyramide is the historical treatment for HOCM. This drug has significant negative inotropic effects but is considered an antiarrhythmic drug.

Original Source:- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Market Research