The Ati-Atihan Festival, held every January in Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines, is a vibrant celebration honoring the Santo Niño (Infant Jesus). Concluding on the third Sunday of January, this festival is a unique blend of tribal traditions, religious devotion, and community spirit. Known as "The Mother of Philippine Festivals," Ati-Atihan has inspired numerous other festivals across the country, including Cebu's Sinulog and Iloilo's Dinagyang.
The term "Ati-Atihan" translates to "to be like the Atis," referring to the indigenous Ati people, the earliest settlers of Panay Island, where Aklan is located. The festival's roots trace back to 1200 A.D. when several Malay chieftains, known as Datus, fled from Borneo and settled in the Philippines. They were welcomed by the Ati elders of Panay Island.
According to historical accounts, Datu Puti, the chief minister of Makatunaw, established trade relations with the Ati people. In exchange for a golden salakot (a traditional Filipino hat), brass basins, and bales of fabric, the Datus were granted settlement in the plains. They also gifted a valuable necklace to the Ati chieftain's wife, marking the beginning of a harmonious relationship celebrated with feasting and festivities.
Years later, the Ati people faced a severe famine due to poor harvests. They descended from their mountain village to seek help from the settlers. The Datus, understanding their plight, provided them with food. In gratitude, the Ati people danced and sang for their benefactors, a tradition that continues to this day.
Originally a pagan festival rooted in Animism, the Ati-Atihan was a celebration of the Ati people's anito gods. However, with the arrival of Spanish missionaries, the festival gradually adopted a Christian tone. Today, it is a spiritual event that welcomes people of all faiths.
The festival prominently features the Santo Niño, with residents attending masses and participating in religious processions. The rhythmic drumbeats and vibrant dances that parade through the streets are a testament to the festival's enduring spiritual significance.
The Ati-Atihan Festival spans an entire week, filled with various activities and events. The festivities kick off with a formal mass, emphasizing the festival's religious aspect. The second day begins at dawn with a rosary procession, culminating in a community mass and another procession.
The phrase "Hala Bira! Pwera Pasma!" is synonymous with the Ati-Atihan Festival. Revelers and devotees chant this as they continue the celebrations from morning until the early hours of the next day, regardless of the weather. They believe that the miraculous Santo Niño will protect them from harm and illness.
The festival's highlight occurs on the third Sunday of January, when various groups representing different tribes compete for attention and prizes. The event concludes with a grand procession of hundreds of people carrying torches and images of the Santo Niño. The winners of the competitions are announced at a masquerade ball, officially ending the festival.
The Ati-Atihan Festival in Kalibo is more than just a celebration; it is a testament to the rich cultural heritage and enduring faith of the Filipino people. From its historical origins to its modern-day festivities, the festival continues to captivate and inspire, making it a must-see event for anyone interested in experiencing the vibrant culture of the Philippines.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Ati-Atihan Festival, highlighting its historical significance, evolution, and modern-day celebrations. For more information on Philippine festivals, visit the Department of Tourism and the Philippine Statistics Authority.
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