Baroque Stringed Instrument Bows Versus Modern Bows

Summary

The evolution of violin bows from the Baroque period to modern times highlights significant changes in design and materials, impacting the instrument's sound and playability. This article delves into the differences between Baroque and modern bows, their historical context, and the ongoing efforts to preserve and replicate the original sounds of Baroque music.

Historical Context: Baroque vs. Modern Instruments

Physical Differences

Violins and bows from the Baroque period (early 1600s to mid-1700s) differ significantly from their modern counterparts. Baroque instruments, including the violin, viola, cello, and double bass, were generally larger and had different contours and dimensions. The strings were typically made from "cat gut," which is actually derived from sheep intestines. Additionally, peg boxes and fingerboards were designed differently.

Playing Techniques

During the Baroque era, the way musicians played these instruments was also distinct. Instead of using a chin rest, players often positioned the tail end of the instrument against their breastbone or hip. This technique emphasized the virtuosity of the player rather than the instrument itself.

The Evolution of the Bow

Baroque Bows

Baroque bows were shorter and had a flat or convex shape. These bows were particularly suited for the dance music of the era, where the first beat was heavier, and the second beat was lighter. The design allowed the frog end of the bow to provide a heavier sound, which then lifted as the bow moved across the strings.

Modern Bows

The modern bow, largely standardized in the 19th century by bowmaker François Tourte, is longer and has a concave shape. Tourte also changed the type of wood used, switching from snakewood to pernambuco. Modern bows are more balanced from frog to tip, placing the responsibility on the player to create dynamic contrasts in the music.

The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

A London-based group, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, strives to use instruments from the Baroque period (1600 to 1800) to perform compositions from the same era. They use Baroque violins, bows, and other instruments to replicate the original sounds intended by composers like Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Brahms, and Wagner.

The Fate of Baroque Bows

In their 2011 essay, "Traditions of Baroque Violin Playing," Richard Gwilt and Irmgard Schaller lament the fate of Baroque bows. As Tourte's innovations gained popularity, many Baroque bows were discarded. The violins themselves were often "updated" with little regard for historical accuracy, but the bows could not be modernized and were simply thrown away.

Interesting Stats and Facts

• Pernambuco Wood: Pernambuco wood, used in modern bows, is now endangered. Efforts are being made to find sustainable alternatives (source).
• Baroque Music Popularity: According to a 2019 survey, Baroque music accounts for approximately 15% of classical music sales worldwide (source).
• Historical Accuracy: The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment has over 100 period instruments in its collection, aiming to provide historically accurate performances (source).

Conclusion

The transformation of violin bows from the Baroque period to modern times is a testament to the ongoing evolution of musical instruments. While modern bows offer greater balance and versatility, the unique characteristics of Baroque bows continue to captivate musicians and audiences alike. Efforts to preserve and replicate the original sounds of Baroque music ensure that this rich musical heritage remains alive and appreciated.

This article provides a detailed exploration of the differences between Baroque and modern violin bows, their historical context, and the efforts to preserve Baroque music. For more information on the evolution of musical instruments, visit Benning Violins.