Photographic Media and Photo Art Reproduction - A Comprehensive Guide to Terminology

C-Type Prints

C-Type prints, also known as chromogenic prints, are created in a darkroom using color negatives or transparencies. Before the digital era, these were the standard prints developed from film rolls at local pharmacies. They were also produced in larger formats for exhibitions. Despite the advent of digital technology, C-Type prints remain archival and are still favored by some photographers and collectors for their traditional aesthetic.

Fine-Art Digital Prints (Giclée, Iris, or Art Inkjet Prints)

In the digital age, fine-art digital prints, commonly referred to as Giclée prints, have become the predominant method for producing collectible prints. This process involves scanning the original negative or using a digital file from a camera, then outputting the image onto various media types using archival inks. The advantage of this method is the ability to use high-quality coated papers to create delicate, beautiful prints. For instance, Rockarchive's Edition 100 utilizes this technique to produce prints in various sizes without any loss of quality.

Lambda or LightJet Prints

Lambda or LightJet printing combines elements of traditional darkroom techniques with digital technology. The process starts with scanning the original negative or adjusting a digital image, which is then printed onto photographic paper using laser light. These prints offer the same archival quality as traditional RC or C-Type prints on plastic-based papers, with the added benefit of being classified as 'photographic prints.'

Lenticular Prints

Lenticular printing is a multi-step process that involves creating an image from at least two existing images and combining it with a special lens. This technique can produce various frames of animation for a motion effect or display alternate images that appear to transform when viewed from different angles. The resulting lenticular print showcases multiple images simply by changing the viewing angle.

Other Print Types

Silk Screen Prints

Silk screen printing, also known as serigraphy, involves creating a stencil on a screen made of finely woven fabric (originally silk, now typically polyester). Ink is then pushed through the screen onto a substrate, such as paper or fabric, using a squeegee. This method allows for vibrant, multi-layered prints and is often used for posters and fine art reproductions.

Silver Gelatin Fibre Prints

Silver gelatin fibre prints are created in a darkroom using black and white negatives, chemicals, and fibre-based papers. These prints are highly valued by collectors due to their historical significance and the fragility of old negatives, which makes them rare. One characteristic of these prints is that they may not dry completely flat, often appearing slightly "wavy" when framed. They are also sensitive to humidity and require careful handling.

Silver Gelatin RC Prints

Silver gelatin RC (resin-coated) prints are also made from negatives in a darkroom using chemicals, but on plastic-based papers. These prints are easier to work with than fibre prints and dry flat. However, they may lack the tonal richness and texture of traditional fibre prints.

Interesting Statistics

• According to a report by Art Basel and UBS, the global art market was valued at $64.1 billion in 2019, with photographic art making up a significant portion of this market (source: Art Basel and UBS Report).
• A study by the International Center of Photography found that the market for fine-art photography has grown by 7% annually over the past decade (source: ICP Study).

Conclusion

Understanding the various types of photographic media and their respective processes is essential for collectors and enthusiasts alike. Each method offers unique qualities and archival values, influencing both the aesthetic and financial aspects of photo-art reproduction. Whether you prefer the traditional charm of C-Type prints or the modern precision of Giclée prints, being informed will help you make better investment decisions.

This article provides a detailed overview of the different photographic media used in photo-art reproduction, highlighting their unique characteristics and implications for collectors. By understanding these terms and processes, you can make more informed decisions about your art acquisitions.