Role of Credit Bureaus in Credit Card Approvals

You may get offers from your professional organization (lawyers, doctors, and engineers), your alumni association, and your environment club or sports association. Thousands of others, who are rated as safe payers by the various credit bureaus, receive similar offers. In fact, every year credit card issuers send out several hundred millions of offers.

To process all of the applications resulting from these offers, the credit card industry makes extensive use of quantification, or credit scoring, to double check whether an applicant should be issued a credit card (or even become target for other kinds of credit). The industry turns to credit bureaus for the quantification part.

The credit bureaus credit scoring systems give creditors the capability to evaluate millions of applicants on a consistent and impartial basis. This has made the credit card one of the most highly efficient methods of obtaining, granting, and expending loans. The credit bureaus base their credit scoring systems on large samples of the population in order to make it statistically valid.

In the credit card industry, the credit scoring system generally involves a two-step process.

First, your credit card application itself is scored by the credit card company. For example, if you own your home you are likely to get more points than if you only rent one. If your application obtains a sufficient number of points, then the credit card company buys your credit report from the three major credit bureaus.

The three credit bureaus operating nationwide are Transunion, Experian, and Equifax. The issuers buy from all three credit bureaus because your Experian credit report will have different ratings from your Equifax credit report, and the credit score Transunion will also differ from the rest. The variation exists because each of these credit bureaus will have different sets of businesses and creditors that report to them. Thus, although the parameters that the credit bureaus track may be similar, the quantification or credit scoring results will differ.

The score on the credit report issued by each of the credit bureaus is central to the decision to issue a card.

As the vice president of a company that is in the business of designing scoring models for lenders once described it, an applicant may submit an application that’s good as gold, but if the credit reports from the credit bureaus are lousy, the applicant will get turned down every time. In other words, it is the numbers on the ratings submitted by the credit bureaus, not the qualitative factors, which are ultimately decisive.

It may turn out, in the end, that the majority of applicants will get approved by one credit card firm or another. Because the profits from the credit card business are extraordinarily high, credit card firms can afford to have a small proportion of cardholders who are delinquent in paying their bills or even some of those who default on their debt. Nonetheless, it is in the interest of credit card companies to weed out those who will not be able to pay their accounts.

Scoring models of the credit bureaus will also vary from one locale to another, and these are regularly updated to reflect changing conditions. Despite great variation between the different credit bureaus’ reports, the following items generally receive the most weight:

·        Possession of a number of credit and charge cards (30 per cent or more of the points). You should realize that if you own too many cards, this may cost points, and that having no cards at all may be an even more serious liability. Having too many cards will increase the amount of credit that is available to you at any time, and it would be easy to run up your debt by charging more to the various credit cards. This is what causes concern with the lenders. On the other hand, the credit bureaus believe not having a credit card at all is definitely alarming: there must be something terribly wrong.

·        Record of paying off accumulated charges (25 percent or more of the points). You are likely to lose more points if you are delinquent on any of your credit cards than if you are late on a payment to a department store. The observed credit behavior that is common among the credit bureaus’ scoring models is that when people are having economic difficulties, they will try to stay current on their credit card payments but might let their department store bill slide. Thus, if you are delinquent on card bills, this is interpreted as an indication of serious financial difficulties. Delinquencies of 30 days might not cost you too many points, as allowance is given for late payments, but delinquencies of 60 days or more might well scuttle your chances of getting a new card.

·        Suits, judgments, and bankruptcies involving the applicant. Bankruptcies are likely to be particularly damaging to your credit rating. Officers of credit bureaus explain that among lenders, they are not in any way forgiving about bankruptcy; the interpretation is that a bankrupt ripped off a creditor and got away with it legally.’

·        Measures of stability. You will earn credit points for longer tenure on the job and in your place of residence. In the scoring models of credit bureaus, someone who has lived in the same place for three or more years might get twice as many points as someone who has recently moved.

·        Income. It goes without saying that the higher your income, the greater the number of points you will earn from the credit bureaus on this parameter. It will certainly help if you have other income sources in addition to your job.

·        Occupation and employer. If you belong to the highest-rated occupations, executives and professionals, you are likely to earn a large number of points from the credit bureaus. Similarly, being in the employ of a stable and profitable firm is likely to garner you many points, whereas employment in a firm on the edge of bankruptcy is likely to be very costly.

·        Age. Generally, the older the applicant, the greater the number of points awarded by the credit bureaus. Those who have retired will probably earn fewer points on this aspect.

·        Possession of savings and checking accounts. Checking accounts, because they tend to require more ability to manage finances, generally score twice as many points with the credit bureaus than savings accounts do.

·        Homeownership (often 15 per cent of the total points). An applicant who owns a home is more stable than one who rents, has a sizable asset to protect, and is responsible for regular payments. This translates to higher points awarded by the credit bureaus.

The role of credit bureaus in making credit card approvals a speedy process cannot be overemphasized. Although you may think the system is arbitrary or impersonal, it does help make decision-making faster, more accurate, and more impartial than individuals. The credit bureaus thus take pains to ensure that their credit scoring models are properly designed to embody this impartiality and give equal credit opportunity — including those who may not garner enough points and become marginal cases in the overall credit scoring system.