Introduction Azoospermia refers to a condition where a man doesn't have a presence of sperm in his semen. This is such a condition that restricts the couple to achieve pregnancy. If someone attempts unprotected sexual intercourse for a matter of one complete year and still they aren't able to pregnant the woman, this means there is a problem of infertility in anybody of them or both. Not only a woman is responsible for the failure of pregnancy, it has been said that the male has a fertility problem in 40% of infertile couples.
If there is a presence of some symptoms like pain, swelling, or lump in the testicle area, decreased body or facial hair, trouble with sexual function like lack of sexual drive or problems in upholding an erection, such things can be determined as one of the symptoms of azoospermia. There are some factors that need to have a look to get more information about azoospermia. There can be two different types of azoospermia, namely obstructive and non-obstructive. When the sperm flow gets blocked and it is unable to leave the body, it will be known as obstructive azoospermia. Non-obstructive azoospermia is when no sperm count is caused by a problem with the production of sperm.
There are different factors like genetic conditions that promote obstructive azoospermia. There can be congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens that may affect the transport of the sperm. Even a presence of infection can also be found in the testicles or prostate that may affect the fertility of a man. There is a condition known as a varicocele which causes the blood vessels or veins in the scrotum to become expanded and widened. One more factor by which azoospermia can be caused is due to trauma. If there has been a prior injury or surgery to the spine, lower abdomen, pelvis or male sex organs, damage can be caused due to the male reproductive system.
Regarding non-obstructive azoospermia, there are some factors like abnormal hormone levels that may be caused due to disorder of the testicles. This condition can affect sperm production. Another factor is the usage of medicines like antibiotics, steroids, or those medicines which are opted for the treatment of inflammation or cancer by which fertility can be affected. There is a condition called retrograde ejaculation which causes semen to travel in the bladder instead of outside the body. Some other causes contain smoking, using illegal drugs, drinking alcohol, radiation, pesticides, heat, and heavy metals, etc that can affect the production of sperm.
In order to diagnose the condition of azoospermia, the doctor might prefer to have a semen analysis to identify whether the sperm count is supposed to be abnormal or nil. When there is a presence of no sperm in the first analysis, the doctor will repeat the test again after a few months. It is because azoospermia will be diagnosed when there is a presence of two separate semen analyses and no sperm is present in the samples of semen. When azoospermia gets detected, the doctor may perform some attempts in identifying the cause of the problem. There might be a presence of taking a medical history, blood work, a physical exam of the testicles, transrectal ultrasound, etc.
Talking about the fertility treatment for azoospermia, it will depend on the kind as well as the cause of the problem. If there is a presence of some active infection or inflammation in the body, they must be treated before the beginning of any kind of treatment. There can be some cases of obstructive azoospermia where blockages or missed connections can be repaired with the help of microsurgical treatment. Even there can be some cases in which the problem of azoospermia can be treated by taking medication. Some fertility treatments are available for bringing pregnancy to a woman if there has been a problem of fertility in anybody or both of them. Along with that, some lifestyle changes can be implemented. If azoospermia has been suspected due to the exposure to excessive heat at work or toxic chemicals, it will be better to look forward to a new job if possible. Even if there is a problem due to some medications, try to discontinue them or talk to the doctor about this condition.
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