The enzyme is a kind of protein with special function produced by living cells, and it is an efficient biocatalyst. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes is 100,000 to 10 million times higher than that of chemicals.
Biology needs a metabolic reaction at all times. This is because a special type of catalyst-enzymes are widely present in the body. It can effectively reduce the activation energy of each molecule participating in a chemical reaction, enabling the organism to complete various chemical reactions quickly and efficiently. Plant photosynthesis, human digestion and absorption of food all occur and complete with the direct participation of enzymes.
Enzyme is a kind of protein with special function produced by living cells, and it is an efficient biocatalyst. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes is 100,000 to 10 million times higher than that of chemicals. Enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions. Almost all biological phenomena of the organism are inseparable from the role of enzymes, and are the driving force of life activities. Therefore, enzymes are very important in the body. It mainly displays the following five functions in the body:
Enzymes have a wide range of applications in cosmetics. With the rapid development of the cosmetics industry, the use of enzymes will become more and more widespread. Enzymes can be used as functional additives such as preservatives, humectants, and whitening agents in the cosmetics industry.
(1) Superoxide dismutase
Superoxide dismutase, referred to as SOD, is the first line of defense against free radicals in the body. When the human body inhales oxygen for metabolism, it will produce superoxide anion (02'-1) free radicals. If it is not eliminated, it will produce a chain reaction in the body and destroy human cells. Modern medicine has proven that superoxide anion free radicals are an important factor leading to various diseases and aging in humans. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a natural nemesis of oxygen free radicals. Cosmetics containing superoxide dismutase have sun protection, anti-radiation, whitening, anti-wrinkle, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. At the same time, it can make the skin more delicate, especially suitable for people who work in front of the computer for a long time or work under the hot sun. It can effectively prevent the skin from being damaged by ultraviolet rays and inhibit the formation of melanin, age spots, facial acne and acne.
The human body can make SOD to maintain the health of the body. Due to age, disease, and environmental pollution, SOD in the human body gradually decreases, resulting in skin pigmentation, becoming rough, loose, and accelerating skin aging. Therefore, SOD must be supplemented to enhance skin elasticity and delay skin aging.
(2) Lysozyme
In recent years, the application of lysozyme has become more and more widespread, and it has become a popular biochemical product in the domestic and foreign markets, and is widely used in food, cosmetics, medical and other industries. Lysozyme, also known as cell wall enzyme, is a basic protein consisting of 129 amino acids, which is very stable in chemical properties. This enzyme has a strong decomposition effect on radiation-resistant micrococcus in Gram-positive bacteria. Lysozyme is widely distributed in nature. It can be isolated from the milk of cows, sheep, horses, etc., and can also be isolated from plants such as papaya, barley, figs, and cabbage. The optimal acidity value of lysozyme for bacteriolysis is about pH 8.0. The optimal reaction temperature and the temperature for bacteriolysis are consistent, and both are required to be in the range of 50 ~ C. Lysozyme has no change in its activity in the wide range of PH 1.2-1.3. Therefore, lysozyme is not sensitive to changes in pH.
(3) Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance. It is a light yellow tiny particle that exists in human cells. It can provide cells with self-renewal energy and is an essential component of energy metabolism.
Coenzyme Q10 can be obtained in the following two ways: (1) Food: Nuts and soybeans contain more coenzymes. (2) Human body synthesis: It uses tyrosine as raw material, 8 kinds of vitamins as additives, and then obtains it through multiple biochemical processes.
Coenzyme Q10 has the effect of improving human vitality and effectively preventing skin aging. It can improve the skin keratinization caused by UvA indirectly and prevent the oxidative damage of DNA. It is a kind of "kinetic nutrition" and has a strong nutrition and protective effect on the skin. At the same time, it can also inhibit the formation of free radicals in the body and lipid peroxidation of cells. The effect is more obvious than vitamin E and vitamin B2. It can accelerate cell division and regeneration, stimulate cell activity, promote cell intake of nutrients, and make the skin full of vitality.
The Naming and Characteristics of Restriction Endonucleases
Restriction enzymes, also known as restriction endonucleases, are enzymes that cut double-stranded DNA. Its cutting method is to cut the bond between the carbohydrate molecule and the phosphoric acid, and then create a nick on each of the two DNA strands without damaging the nucleotides and bases.
Introduction to Classification and Application of Cellulase
The optimum pH of cellulase is generally 4.5 to 6.5, which acts on cellulose and products derived from cellulose. Microbial cellulase is of great significance in converting insoluble cellulose into glucose and destroying cell walls in fruit and vegetable juice to improve the yield of juice.
Which Enzyme Preparations Are Often Used in Fruit and Vegetable Processing?
The so-called fruit and vegetable processing means to maximize the nutrient content of the fruit and vegetable through various processing methods, improve the edible value, and make the color, aroma and taste of the processed product more perfect.
