Amniotic band syndrome is an inborn disorder caused by entrapment of fetal parts (normally an arm or digits) in fibrous amniotic bands while in utero. The amniotic ring hypothesis is that ABS occurs payable to an incomplete rift of the amniotic sac.
Amniotic band syndrome also known as amnion rupture sequence, amniotic ring episode, inborn constriction bands or rings, and amniotic malformation adhesions mutilations. Amniotic ring syndrome is frequently hard to discover before birth as the person strands are tiny and difficult to view on ultrasound. Often the bands are detected indirectly because of the constrictions and swelling upon limbs, digits, etc. This is quite an uncommon event, and when it occurs, may cause death of the fetus due the amniotic fibrous bands wrapping around vital structures such as the head or umbilical cord.
Amniotic ring syndrome is considered an inadvertent case and it does not seem to be hereditary or genetic, so the likelihood of it occurring in another pregnancy is distant. The reason of amnion tearing is unidentified and as such there are no famous preventive measures. Prenatal risk factors associated with amniotic band syndrome include prematurity, low birth weight, maternal illness (during pregnancy), maternal drug exposure and maternal hemorrhage. Fibrous bands of the ruptured amnion float in the amniotic fluid and can surround and bunker some region of the fetus. Later, as the fetus grows but the bands do not, the bands get constricting. This constriction reduces blood circulation, hence causes inborn abnormalities. In some cases a comprehensive "normal" amputation of a digit or arm may happen before birth or the digit or limbs may be necrotic and need postoperative amputation following birth.
Bands which wrapping around fingers and toes can ensue in syndactyly or amputations of the digits. In new instances, bands can cover around limbs causing restraint of campaign resulting in clubbed feet. In much serious cases, the bands can compress the arm causing decreased blood supply and amputation. Treatment normally occurs after birth and where plastic and reconstructive operation is considered to handle the resulting malformation. Plastic operation ranges from easy to complicated depending on the extent of the malformation. Physical and occupational therapy may be needed lengthy condition. In uncommon cases, if diagnosed in utero, fetal operation may be considered to rescue an arm which is in risk of amputation or new malformation. Occasionally plastic surgery is needed to correct the deep groove that is causing limited motion of the limb.
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