When a vessel in the brain ruptures or else is blocked by a blood clot,
the patient is diagnosed to have undergone a stroke. Stroke medical treatments work to either open the blockage or treat the rupture. In last few years, medical advances have improved survival rates from stroke treatments. However, chances of survival could get further better if stroke is identified and treated immediately.
In most of the cases, 80 per cent strokes are preventable. Over half of all strokes are caused by either uncontrolled hypertension or high blood pressure. Hence, it comes as the most important risk factor to be controlled on time. The medicines used to control blood pressure are anticoagulants/antiplatelets such as aspirin and anticoagulants, such as warfarin, antihypertensives etc. The anticoagulants are medications that treat high blood pressure.
Let’s have a quick look what are the available stroke treatments in India:
Thrombolysis - Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) - Alteplase (TPA) is usually used as a clot-buster drug to dissolve the blood clot. It is this clot that was causing the stroke and hence it has to be removed. The earlier this drug is given, the better the result and the less is the complication of bleeding into the brain. TPA is directly injected into a vein in the arm. However, its time frame may be extended to six hours if it is dripped directly into the blood vessel that is blocked requiring angiography.
TPA can reverse stroke symptoms in over one-third of patients, but, on the other side, it may also cause bleeding in 6% patients, thereby making the stroke worse.
Heparin and aspirin – These are the drugs used to reduce the thickness of the blood. They are used for anticoagulation and are used sometimes in treating stroke patients.
However, the study still doesn’t make it clear whether the use of anticoagulation improves the outcome from the current stroke. While there are a few patients that show result of taking aspirin after the onset of a stroke, there are some who fail this theory.
Supplying supplemental oxygen: The blood pressure should be controlled using intravenous medicines to prevent stroke symptoms from further progression. This becomes important when the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. In such case, supplemental oxygen is provided.
Angioplasty/Stents: At times, doctors have to use balloon angioplasty and implantable steel screens called stents to treat cardiovascular disease. They help in opening up the blocked blood vessel.
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