Summary: Explore the multifaceted life of Mahatma Gandhi, from his early days in Gujarat to his transformative years in South Africa. This article delves into lesser-known aspects of his life, debunking myths and bringing to light the complexities of his character and his profound impact on civil rights movements.
Contrary to popular belief, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known as Mahatma Gandhi, was not born into poverty. His father held the prestigious position of Dewan (Chief Minister) in Porbandar and later in Rajkot, both significant towns in the Indian state of Gujarat. This background provided Gandhi with a more privileged upbringing than many of his contemporaries in late 19th-century India.
Gandhi's academic journey was marked by average performance. He married Kasturba Makhanji at the age of 13, a common practice in the region at that time. During his teenage years, he rebelliously experimented with meat-eating, smoking, and even theft, challenging the conservative norms of his environment.
Gujarati was Gandhi's mother tongue, and he only began learning English at a later stage, around the age of 18. His initial desire was to pursue a career in medicine, specifically as a surgeon, which was considered a high and respectable profession. However, familial pressures steered him towards law, leading him to travel to London for his studies. There, he became involved with the London Vegetarian Society, marking his first foray into political activism.
Unable to secure a job in India, Gandhi moved to South Africa, a decision that would profoundly influence his philosophy and political strategies. His early days in South Africa were challenging; he struggled professionally as a lawyer and personally faced numerous racial humiliations. These experiences included being thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg and being beaten for refusing to give up his seat to a European passenger.
It was in Johannesburg, not India, where Gandhi initiated his first significant civil disobedience campaign, known as "Satyagraha". This movement was sparked by a bill that threatened to strip Indians of their voting rights. His decision to stay and fight this legislation marked the beginning of his lifelong commitment to nonviolent resistance.
Gandhi's stance during the Boer War is often misunderstood. He was not a pacifist in the conventional sense; he organized an ambulance corps of 11,000 Indians to support the British, demonstrating his complex views towards the British Empire. This act was driven by a strategic desire to legitimize the Indian community in South Africa by demonstrating their loyalty and value as colonial subjects.
Gandhi's life was marked by numerous threats; he survived several assassination attempts before being fatally shot in 1948. His philosophy of nonviolent resistance has inspired countless civil rights movements around the world, influencing leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.
Mahatma Gandhi remains a figure of immense historical significance and complexity. His life and actions continue to be a source of inspiration and controversy, reflecting his profound impact on the world stage. Understanding the nuances of his journey helps demystify the legend, presenting a more rounded portrait of this pivotal figure in world history.
For further reading on Gandhi's philosophies and their global impact, visit the Gandhi Heritage Portal and the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
The Ubiquitous Britannica 2015
Encyclopedia Britannica is now online and as a DVD. The print edition has been discontinued.
Pears Cyclopaedia 2014-5 Edition: Human Knowledge Encapsulated
Pears Cyclopaedia is the last remaining one volume reference work.
Envy as the Foundation of Capitalism
Envy is either destructive, or, as in the case of capitalism, constructive.
