Are Ferns Toxic to Cats? A Comprehensive Safety Guide

Table of Content

1. Are True Ferns Safe for Cats?
2. Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis)
3. Sword Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata)
4. Button Fern (Pellaea rotundifolia)
5. Mother Fern (Asplenium bulbiferum)
6. Carrot Fern (Onychium japonicum)
7. Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum spp.)
8. Staghorn Fern (Platycerium spp.)
9. Rabbit’s Foot Fern (Davallia fejeensis)
10. Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus)
11. Fern-Like Plants That Are Toxic to Cats
12. Other Toxic Plants with Fern-Like Foliage
13. Recognizing Symptoms of Plant Toxicity in Cats

Ferns are a popular choice among houseplant enthusiasts due to their elegant fronds and air-purifying qualities. However, for cat owners, understanding which ferns are safe and which may pose a risk is crucial. While many true ferns are non-toxic, several plants commonly mistaken for ferns can be harmful to cats. This guide provides a detailed breakdown of cat-safe ferns and toxic fern-like plants to help ensure a pet-friendly environment.

Are True Ferns Safe for Cats?

Houseplants add beauty and freshness to indoor spaces, but for cat owners, safety is a top priority. Many ferns are considered safe for cats, making them excellent choices for pet-friendly households. However, even non-toxic plants should be placed carefully to prevent excessive nibbling.

Most true ferns are considered safe for cats and do not contain toxic compounds. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) classifies the following ferns as non-toxic to cats:

1. Boston Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The Boston fern is one of the most popular indoor ferns, known for its lush, arching fronds. It thrives in humid environments, making it an ideal choice for bathrooms or kitchens. While safe for cats, its delicate fronds may tempt playful felines, so placing it in a hanging basket can help minimize chewing.

2. Sword Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

Closely related to the Boston fern, the sword fern features long, narrow fronds that create an elegant, draping effect. While completely safe for cats, its fibrous leaves may cause mild stomach irritation if consumed in large amounts.

3. Button Fern (Pellaea rotundifolia)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The button fern is recognized by its small, round leaflets along delicate stems. Unlike many ferns, it is more drought-tolerant and requires less humidity, making it a low-maintenance option for cat owners. Since its compact size makes it easy for curious cats to reach, consider placing it on a high shelf.

4. Mother Fern (Asplenium bulbiferum)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The mother fern has delicate, feathery fronds that grow in an attractive, cascading pattern. It’s a resilient plant that adapts well to indoor conditions. If a cat nibbles on its fronds, they may experience mild digestive upset but nothing toxic.

5. Carrot Fern (Onychium japonicum)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

Named for its carrot-like leaves, this fern adds an airy, tropical feel to indoor spaces. Though safe for cats, excessive chewing can cause mild irritation due to its tough, textured leaves.

6. Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum spp.)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The maidenhair fern is a delicate plant with soft, fan-shaped leaflets. While completely safe for cats, it is one of the most fragile ferns, making it prone to damage from playful paws. Due to its need for humidity, placing it in a terrarium or a humid bathroom can help it thrive.

7. Staghorn Fern (Platycerium spp.)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

Unlike traditional ferns, the staghorn fern has antler-like fronds that grow in a unique, sculptural pattern. Often mounted on walls or wooden plaques, this fern is naturally kept out of a cat’s reach, reducing the risk of unwanted nibbling.

8. Rabbit’s Foot Fern (Davallia fejeensis)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The rabbit’s foot fern gets its name from the fuzzy, creeping rhizomes that resemble a rabbit’s foot. These rhizomes grow along the surface of the soil, making them an attractive target for curious cats. While safe, excessive chewing can lead to minor digestive upset.

9. Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus)

✅ Non-toxic to cats

The bird’s nest fern has broad, wavy fronds that resemble a bird’s nest. It’s one of the easiest ferns to care for, making it an excellent choice for beginners. Due to its sturdy leaves, it’s less likely to be damaged by cats compared to more delicate ferns.

These cat-friendly houseplants can coexist safely with pets. However, while they are non-toxic, ingestion of large quantities may cause mild digestive discomfort, such as vomiting or diarrhea. Cats that frequently chew on plants may also experience mechanical irritation from fibrous leaves.

For a detailed resource on toxic plants for cats, explore our comprehensive guide on cats.

Fern-Like Plants That Are Toxic to Cats

While many true ferns are safe for cats, some plants that resemble ferns—or have "fern" in their name—can be harmful. These fern-like plants contain toxic compounds that may cause gastrointestinal distress, skin irritation, or more severe symptoms in cats. Below is a detailed breakdown of the most common toxic fern-like plants, their characteristics, toxic effects, and how to protect your pet.

1. Asparagus Fern (Asparagus densiflorus)

Despite its name, the Asparagus fern is not a true fern. It belongs to the Asparagaceae family and is characterized by delicate, feathery leaves that resemble fern fronds. This plant is commonly used in hanging baskets and decorative arrangements due to its trailing growth habit.

Why It’s Toxic to Cats:

1. Contains sapogenins, steroidal compounds that can cause gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation.
2. The plant may also produce small, red berries, which are particularly toxic if ingested.

Toxic Effects:

1. Mild Symptoms: Vomiting, diarrhea, and drooling.
2. Moderate Symptoms: Lethargy, reduced appetite, and mild dehydration.
3. Severe Symptoms: Persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, and irritation of the mouth or paws if the cat comes into contact with the plant’s sap.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. If you already have an Asparagus fern, keep it in an inaccessible location, such as a hanging basket out of reach.
2. Remove the plant entirely if your cat shows an interest in chewing on it.

2. Sprengeri Fern (Asparagus aethiopicus)

The Sprengeri fern, also known as the foxtail fern, is a variant of the Asparagus fern. It features arching stems covered in needle-like leaves, creating a soft, fluffy appearance.

Why It’s Toxic to Cats:

1. Like the Asparagus fern, the Sprengeri fern contains sapogenins, which can cause digestive distress.
2. The thorny stems can also puncture a cat’s mouth or paws, leading to discomfort and irritation.

Toxic Effects:

1. Gastrointestinal symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
2. Oral irritation: Drooling and pawing at the mouth.
3. Skin reactions: Dermatitis from direct contact with the plant’s sap.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Place this plant in an off-limits area, or replace it with a cat-safe alternative, such as a Boston fern.
2. If contact occurs, wash the affected area with mild soap and water to remove any irritating sap.

3. Lace Fern (Asparagus setaceus)

The Lace fern, also known as the Common Asparagus Fern, is a delicate, fine-leaved plant that resembles true ferns. It is often used as a decorative houseplant due to its elegant, airy foliage.

Why It’s Toxic to Cats:

1. Like other Asparagus species, this plant contains sapogenins, which can lead to digestive distress.
2. If the plant’s berries are consumed, toxicity symptoms may worsen.
3. The leaves and stems may cause mechanical irritation in the mouth due to their fibrous texture.

Toxic Effects:

1. Mild symptoms: Drooling, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
2. Moderate symptoms: Loss of appetite, mild dehydration, and lethargy.
3. Severe symptoms (rare cases): Significant digestive distress if a large quantity is ingested.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Keep this plant out of reach and ensure that fallen leaves or berries are promptly cleaned up.
2. If your cat ingests this plant, offer fresh water and monitor for symptoms. Contact a vet if vomiting persists.

4. Emerald Feather (Asparagus densiflorus ‘Sprengeri’)

The Emerald Feather, another variety of the Asparagus fern, is known for its soft, feathery foliage. It is often grown indoors and in garden landscapes. Despite its attractive appearance, this plant is toxic to cats.

Why It’s Toxic to Cats:

1. Contains sapogenins, which irritate the digestive system and can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
2. Repeated exposure may lead to chronic skin irritation if a cat frequently brushes against the plant.
3. The berries, while rarely produced indoors, are highly toxic if consumed.

Toxic Effects:

1. Gastrointestinal issues: Stomach discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea.
2. Skin reactions: Mild rashes or itching if a cat comes into contact with the plant’s sap.
3. Persistent exposure: Can lead to more severe allergic reactions.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Replace Emerald Feather with a cat-friendly alternative, such as a Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans).
2. If your cat ingests any part of this plant, contact a veterinarian for advice, especially if berries were consumed.

Plant Name	Scientific Name	Toxic Effects
Asparagus Fern	Asparagus densiflorus	Causes vomiting, diarrhea, and potential skin irritation upon contact.
Sprengeri Fern	Asparagus aethiopicus	Contains sapogenins that can irritate the digestive tract and cause dermatitis.
Lace Fern	Asparagus setaceus	Can lead to abdominal discomfort, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Emerald Feather	Asparagus densiflorus	Toxic if ingested, leading to gastrointestinal distress and potential allergic reactions.

Other Toxic Plants 

Zebra Plant (Aphelandra squarrosa)

The zebra plant is a striking houseplant known for its dark green leaves with bold white veins. It is commonly grown indoors as an ornamental plant due to its unique foliage and bright yellow flowers.

Why It’s Harmful to Cats:

1. While not classified as highly toxic, the zebra plant contains compounds that can irritate a cat’s mouth and digestive system.
2. The sap may cause skin irritation in sensitive cats.

Toxic Effects:

1. Oral irritation (pawing at the mouth, drooling).
2. Mild stomach upset (nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea).
3. Skin redness or itching if there is direct contact with the plant’s sap.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Keep the zebra plant on high shelves or inside enclosed plant terrariums.
2. If a cat shows signs of irritation, wipe its mouth with a damp cloth and provide fresh water to rinse any residue.

Rattlesnake Plant (Calathea lancifolia)

The rattlesnake plant, a member of the Calathea family, is loved for its elongated, wavy leaves with dark green markings. It is commonly found in homes due to its air-purifying properties and easy maintenance.

Is It Toxic to Cats?

No, the rattlesnake plant is non-toxic to cats, making it a safe choice for pet-friendly homes. However, some cats may experience mild stomach upset if they consume large amounts of its leaves.

Potential Effects:

1. Mild gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea or soft stools).
2. Loss of appetite in rare cases if large amounts are consumed.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Though safe, excessive chewing should be discouraged.
2. Offering cat grass or other safe chewing alternatives can help prevent unwanted plant nibbling.

Parlor Palm (Chamaedorea elegans)

The parlor palm is a popular indoor plant due to its lush green fronds and adaptability to low light conditions. It is commonly used in homes and offices because of its tolerance to indoor environments.

Is It Toxic to Cats?

No, Chamaedorea elegans is non-toxic to cats. However, consuming its fronds or stems in large quantities may lead to mild digestive irritation.

Potential Effects:

1. Soft stools or mild stomach upset if a large amount is eaten.
2. Mechanical irritation due to the fibrous nature of its leaves.

How to Keep Cats Safe:

1. Consider placing the parlor palm on a plant stand or in an area where it’s less accessible.
2. Regularly check for broken or fallen leaves, as some cats may be tempted to chew on them.

Recognizing Symptoms of Plant Toxicity in Cats

If a cat ingests a toxic fern-like plant, the severity of symptoms depends on the amount consumed and the specific plant's toxicity level. Early recognition of these symptoms is crucial for timely intervention.

Common Symptoms of Toxicity

Symptom	Description
Vomiting	Frequent regurgitation of plant material.
Diarrhea	Loose or watery stools, often with signs of discomfort.
Abdominal Pain	Signs of distress, such as reluctance to move, whining, or restlessness.
Drooling	Excessive saliva production, sometimes accompanied by lip-smacking.
Lethargy	Decreased activity, lack of interest in play or food.
Skin Irritation	Redness, swelling, or rash if the plant’s sap makes contact with the skin.
Oral Irritation	Pawing at the mouth, reluctance to eat, or excessive chewing motions.

Severe Symptoms Requiring Immediate Veterinary Care

If a cat exhibits any of the following, seek emergency veterinary attention:

1. Difficulty breathing (a potential sign of an allergic reaction).
2. Seizures or involuntary muscle tremors.
3. Extreme weakness or collapse.
4. Excessive dehydration from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

What to Do if Your Cat Ingests a Toxic Plant:

1. Remove plant material from the mouth and paws.
2. Monitor for symptoms and note any unusual behavior.
3. Call a veterinarian or a pet poison helpline for guidance.
4. Do not induce vomiting unless explicitly instructed by a professional.
5. Provide fresh water to help flush out any irritants.

If possible, bring a sample of the plant to the vet to help determine the best course of treatment.

Preventive Measures: Keeping Cats Safe Around Houseplants

Houseplants add a touch of nature to indoor spaces, but for cat owners, they can pose a challenge. Some plants are toxic to cats, while others, although safe, may still cause mild digestive issues if chewed on. Since cats are naturally curious and often explore their environment using their mouths, it’s important to take preventive measures to keep both your plants and your pet safe.

By identifying toxic plants, placing greenery in strategic locations, and providing cat-friendly alternatives, you can enjoy the benefits of houseplants without risking your cat’s health. Below are practical steps to ensure a pet-safe home while maintaining an indoor garden.

1. Identify and Remove Toxic Plants

Before introducing new plants, research their safety. Avoid plants like asparagus fern, zebra plant, or lace fern, which can cause harm.

2. Place Plants in Inaccessible Locations

Consider using hanging baskets, plant stands, or shelves to keep plants out of reach. However, note that many cats are skilled climbers, so additional deterrents may be needed.

3. Provide Cat-Safe Alternatives

Cats often chew on plants due to curiosity or a need for fiber. Offering safe alternatives can redirect their attention:

1. Cat grass (Dactylis glomerata) – A safe and nutritious alternative.
2. Spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum) – Non-toxic and resilient.
3. Areca Palm (Dypsis lutescens) – A pet-friendly indoor plant option.

4. Use Natural Deterrents

If a cat is particularly drawn to plants, try:

1. Sprinkling citrus peels around the plant base (cats dislike the scent).
2. Using pet-safe sprays that deter nibbling.
3. Placing decorative stones over the soil to prevent digging.

5. Monitor and Train Your Cat

1. Use positive reinforcement to discourage plant chewing.
2. Redirect attention with toys or scratching posts.
3. If necessary, restrict access to plant-filled rooms when unsupervised.

Expert Advice on Keeping Cats and Houseplants Together

Veterinary Recommendations:

1. Dr. Tina Wismer, medical director of the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, advises cat owners to research plants before purchasing. Even non-toxic plants can cause mild digestive upset if consumed in excess.
2. If a cat has a habit of chewing on plants, introducing cat grass (Dactylis glomerata) can provide a safe alternative and deter interest in houseplants.

Pet Behaviorist Tips:

1. Cats often chew plants out of boredom. Providing interactive toys and scratching posts can redirect their attention.
2. Using hanging planters or keeping plants in enclosed terrariums can help protect both the plant and the cat.

Cat-Friendly Houseplants: Safe Alternatives to Toxic Plants

If you're looking for safe houseplants that won’t pose a risk to your cat, consider these options:

Non-Toxic Houseplants for Cats

Plant Name	Scientific Name	Care Level
Boston Fern	Nephrolepis exaltata	Easy
Spider Plant	Chlorophytum comosum	Very Easy
Areca Palm	Dypsis lutescens	Moderate
Parlor Palm	Chamaedorea elegans	Easy
Calathea (All Varieties)	Calathea spp.	Moderate
Prayer Plant	Maranta leuconeura	Moderate
Peacock Plant	Calathea makoyana	Moderate
Bird’s Nest Fern	Asplenium nidus	Easy
Staghorn Fern	Platycerium spp.	Moderate

Benefits of Cat-Safe Plants

1. Enhance indoor air quality.
2. Provide natural greenery without risk to pets.
3. Reduce stress and create a calming environment.

📌 Tip: Even with non-toxic plants, it’s best to monitor your cat's behavior to prevent excessive nibbling, which could still cause mild digestive upset.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Cats and Ferns

1. Are Ferns Harmful to Cats?

Most true ferns are not harmful to cats and are classified as non-toxic by the ASPCA. However, excessive chewing can lead to mild digestive issues. Some fern-like plants, such as asparagus fern, can be toxic. Always verify a plant’s safety before bringing it into a home with pets.

2. Is the Rattlesnake Plant Toxic to Cats?

No, the rattlesnake plant (Calathea lancifolia) is non-toxic to cats. While ingestion may cause minor stomach upset, it does not contain harmful compounds and is generally considered a cat-safe houseplant.

3. Is Calathea Toxic to Cats?

No, Calathea plants are safe for cats. They are pet-friendly houseplants that add vibrant foliage to indoor spaces without posing a toxicity risk.

4. Is the Boston Fern Toxic to Cats?

No, the Boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis) is not toxic to cats. It is one of the most commonly recommended indoor cat-safe plants and a great addition to a pet-friendly home.

5. Are Cats Allergic to Ferns?

Cats are not typically allergic to true ferns. However, some may experience mild digestive discomfort if they chew on plant leaves. If a cat shows signs of skin irritation or respiratory issues after exposure, consult a veterinarian.

6. Is the Peacock Plant Safe for Cats?

Yes, the peacock plant (Calathea makoyana) is safe for cats. Like other Calathea varieties, it does not contain toxic substances.

7. Are Staghorn Ferns Toxic to Cats?

No, staghorn ferns (Platycerium spp.) are not toxic to cats. They are considered safe houseplants, but excessive nibbling could still cause mild stomach irritation.

8. Are Bird’s Nest Ferns Toxic to Cats?

No, bird’s nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) are classified as non-toxic to cats. They are a safe, low-maintenance option for cat owners.

9. Is the Zebra Plant Toxic to Cats?

Yes, the zebra plant (Aphelandra squarrosa) is toxic to cats. It can cause oral irritation, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing if ingested.

10. Is Chamaedorea Elegans (Parlor Palm) Toxic to Cats?

No, Chamaedorea elegans, commonly known as the parlor palm, is not toxic to cats. It is one of the best pet-friendly indoor plants for homes with cats.

Conclusion:

Many true ferns are safe for cats and can be included in pet-friendly households. However, some fern-like plants pose significant risks and should be avoided. By taking preventive measures and being aware of potential hazards, cat owners can enjoy the benefits of indoor greenery without compromising their pet’s well-being.

For additional guidance, consult veterinary professionals or refer to trusted sources like the ASPCA’s Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants List to make informed choices about household plants.

Key Takeaways for Cat Owners

✔️ Most true ferns are safe for cats – Examples include Boston fern, staghorn fern, maidenhair fern, bird’s nest fern, and rabbit’s foot fern.

✔️ Fern-like plants can be toxic – Some plants with "fern" in their name, like asparagus fern, lace fern, and emerald feather, contain toxins that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and skin irritation in cats.

✔️ Symptoms of plant toxicity in cats – Watch for vomiting, diarrhea, drooling, lethargy, skin irritation, and oral discomfort if your cat ingests a toxic plant. Seek veterinary attention if symptoms are severe.

✔️ Non-toxic alternatives – Safe houseplants for cats include Calathea, parlor palms, spider plants, prayer plants, and areca palms.

✔️ Preventive measures to keep cats safe –

1. Identify and remove toxic plants before bringing them into your home.
2. Keep plants out of reach using hanging baskets, high shelves, or enclosed terrariums.
3. Offer safe plant alternatives like cat grass to satisfy chewing instincts.
4. Use natural deterrents such as citrus peels or pet-safe sprays to discourage plant nibbling.
5. Train and monitor your cat using positive reinforcement to prevent plant chewing habits.

✔️ Seek professional advice when needed – Always check the ASPCA’s Toxic and Non-Toxic Plant Database or consult a veterinarian before introducing new plants into a pet-friendly home.

By making informed plant choices and taking preventive measures, cat owners can enjoy the beauty of indoor greenery while ensuring their pets remain safe and healthy.

Related Articles:

1. What Plants Are Toxic to Cats? Full List, Symptoms, and Safe Alternatives
2. Why Is My Cat Throwing Up (Vomiting) ? Causes, Types, and When to Seek Help