Pressure relief valves are crucial equipment used in tanks or other applications that can prevent damage caused by an excess amount of pressure build up.
Pressure relief valves are used to limit, or in some cases control, the amount of pressure that can build up in a system (tank, water pump, etc.) over time. When this pressure goes uncontrolled it can lead to a process upset, equipment failure, or even a fire. These pieces of equipment typically work by allowing the pressurized liquid or gasses to flow out of the tank or pump by an additional passage. These safety relief valves can be set to open up once a certain amount of pressure has been accumulated. This way the system is protected.
The pressure relief valves in these systems become the path of least resistance when pressure reaches a level that is too high. This causes it to be forcibly opened so enough liquid or gas can be removed in order to bring the system back to a more acceptable level, at which point the valve will close once again. The liquid that is removed from the system will typically be taken though a pressure relief header to a central gas flare where it is burned. The resulting gas will then be released into the atmosphere.
If you have a gas system instead of a liquid, it is usually recommended that the outlet of your safety relief valves is in open air. When the outlet is connected to piping, the valve’s opening will build up pressure downstream of the pressure relief unit, in the piping system. This can cause the valve to not reseat when the system’s optimal pressure has been reached. If this sounds like the type of system you have installed, then it is recommended that you install differential pressure relief valves. This concentrates the pressure to a certain area that is significantly smaller than the openings in the valve. This forces the pressure to decrease to a huge extent before the valve is allowed to close.
Sometimes a bypass valve will be used in a system which can also help for pressure relief by returning some or all of the fluid that is removed by a pump or compressor to the pump’s inlet or a storage reservoir. This ultimately protects the compressor or pump, as well as any other associated equipment, from experiencing too much pressure. The bypass equipment can either be inside of the system, built directly within as a part of the pump, or as an external piece of equipment, typically installed as a part of the fluid path. These are often found in fire trucks to prevent the hoses from becoming overly pressurized.
Of course, high pressure is not the only reason why pressure relief valves are necessary. Too little pressure can create a vacuum that is lower than your system will be able to take. So valves are sometimes used that open when the pressure reaches too low of a level.
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