In recent years, ferrofluids, which have the magnetic properties of a solid and the fluid properties of a liquid have been prepared by researchers. The ferrofluids contain tiny particles (~10 nm diameter) of a magnetic solid suspended in a liquid medium.
Ferrofluids were initially detected at the NASA Research Center, where scientists were investigating different potential means of handling fluids in space. The perks of using this liquid were clear: by altering the strength of the field, the fluids could be driven to flow, and, The location of the fluid could be exactly kept in check through the use of a magnetic field. Research workers have prepared ferrofluids including small particles of ferromagnetic metals, for example, iron and cobalt, along with magnetic compounds, including manganese zinc ferrite, ZnxMn1-xFe2O4. But the most work was conducted on ferrofluids comprising small particles of magnetite.
Applications
Although the collection of spikes on the surface of the ferrofluid is stunning, this property isn't particularly useful. However, ferrofluids have uncovered a wide assortment of uses, including use in rotating shaft seals. A ferrofluid can act as a liquid O-ring where a rotating shaft enters either a low- or high-pressure chamber. The ferrofluid is eliminating most of the friction generated in a conventional mechanical seal and forms a tight seal, held in place by permanent magnets. These seals are rotating shafts found in vacuum rooms that are used in the semi-conductor industries. These iconic ferrofluid seals are used in the informatic industry to namely prevent dangerous particles of dust that may cause bad readings in magnetic data such as disks.
Another application of ferrofluids is in enhancing the operation speakers, because there, electric energy is sent through a coil found in the center of a ring-shaped permanent magnet. The magnetic field caused by the electric energy causes the coil and consequently generates heat and sound. Washing the electrical coil in a ferrofluid, which will be held in place by permanent magnets that are circular, dampens unwanted resonances and also provides a mechanism to dissipate heat from excessive energy furnished to the coil.
Eventually, there's much expectation for future biomedical applications of ferrofluids. For instance, researchers are attempting to design ferrofluids that can take medications to special locations in the body through the utilization of applied magnetic fields.
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