The global economy is still too closed by tariff and non-tariff barriers to the goods and services that Europe has to sell. 1/Business and consumer surveysThe economic sentiment indicator (ESI) for the EU weakened by 1.7 points in April, following its decline by 2.4 points in March. In the euro area, the indicator eased by 1 point in April, after a decrease of 1.3 points in March.2/Business Climate Indicator for the euro area
The Business Climate Indicator (BCI) for the euro area fell in April by 0.19 points to a level of -0.28, following the declines in previous months. While the slide of the indicator had already started in summer 2004, it has become more pronounced 3/Call for Papers. Workshop on budgetary implications of structural reformsThe workshop aims at improving our understanding of the short, medium and long-term budgetary effects of structural reforms. A topical issue in the EU public finance debate is the existence of a possible trade-off between the respect of budgetary targets in the short term and the adoption of reforms that may help to improve budgets on a permanent basis in the medium-to-long run. The reasons why structural reforms may be prevented by budgetary targets and ceilings may be related to the possible presence of direct short-run budgetary costs or to the fact that reforms are costly in political terms, so that higher spending or tax cuts may help to obtain the necessary consensus. The idea of a possible trade-off between the implementation of structural reforms and the pursuit of budgetary objectives was recently reflected in the lines for reform of the Stability and Growth Pact agreed by the European Council, which acknowledge that under certain conditions the budgetary impact of major structural reforms can be taken into account in the implementation of the EU fiscal framework. In future years, the evaluation of budgetary impact of reforms is likely to acquire greater relevance in the implementation of the SGP. Better knowledge of the implication of structural reforms for public finances will be required in EU fiscal surveillance.
Conflict Behavior In An Organisation
Conflicts are inevitable in one's organizational life and personal life. Probably, the executive starts his work-day with a conflict and ends the day with another conflict. He is fortunate if he does not carry a conflict home, but more often, he does, to the chagrin of his spouse, his children and himself.
The importance of WTO
The WTO was established in 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-1994). It is an international organization that sets global rules of trade between nations. The core of the WTO system, referred to as the multilateral trading system, are the WTO agreements which lay down the legal ground rules for international trade as well as the market-opening commitments taken up by its Members. These agreements are negotiated and signed by all Members of the WTO, and ratified in their parliaments.
Lisbon Strategy
The nutshell, the main concerns of Europe's citizens,Jobs, growth, the environment and a proper social net.The current lack of economic growth affects all of us;, our pensions, salaries and our standard of living considerably suffer from it.To avoid this, Heads of State and Government of the European Union met in Lisbon in 2000 and launched a series of ambitious reforms at national and European level. By establishing an effective internal market, by boosting research and innovation and by improving education, to name only a few reform efforts, they aimed to make the European Union “the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world” by 2010.
