The growing popularity of LED lighting enables us to enjoy more energy efficient illumination with higher luminous flux and lower heat generation. Dimming LEDs can increase worker productivity, enhance the experience of diners in a hospitality setting.
Prior to dimming your LEDs, a dimmable LED lamp is required. Not all LED lamps can be dimmed. Be sure to ask this question before buying your LED light. If the answer is “Yes”, be sure to ask what kind of dimmer to use. Some LED lights can be dimmed with a standard incandescent dimmer. Others need a magnetic low voltage dimmer. Still others need an electronic low voltage dimmer or even a dimmer built for fluorescent ballasts (using the 0 – 10V dimming system).
LED lamps have Edison-base sockets and are meant to replace standard incandescent or screw-in CFL bulbs. The bases of these lamps have integral drivers that determine whether they are dimmable. LED fixtures can vary from cove lights to downlights and usually have an external driver. Some fixture manufacturers offer different driver options on the same fixture to support different control technologies or applications (such as dimmable vs. non-dimmable). You may even be able to specify an optimal drive from another manufacturer that includes the desired feature set.
Check with the driver or fixture manufacturer to be confident that you are choosing the right product -- drivers are available that can dim LEDs from 100% to 1% light, offering smooth continuous dimming for both constant-current and constant-voltage sources. The long-life benefits of LEDs will be reduced if the driver is not designed for an equally long life.
It is important to know how an LED load may affect the reliability of the dimmer. Indeed, overloading the dimmer is a common problem with LED system operation. All dimmers are rated for a maximum load (in volts, amps, and/or watts) that must not be exceeded. It is not as simple as dividing the 600W dimmer rating by the 15W LED lamp you have selected to determine that 40 lamps can be used on a circuit.
It is easy to meet the 25-40W minimum load requirement with incandescent bulbs, but with LEDs, four or more bulbs may be needed on a dimmer in order to meet the required minimum load. And, since LED loads have different electrical characteristics than their incandescent predecessors, even meeting the minimum wattage load may not ensure proper dimmer operation.
A wide range of controls are available -- from a single switch or dimmer to a centralized lighting control system -- to provide maximum flexibility, as well as measurement and reporting tools to help you effectively analyze the energy savings being achieved with the lighting and control installation. Easy-to-install wireless controls facilitate simple retrofit, reducing installation and programming costs and improving the return on investment (ROI).
Regardless of the control system you choose, it is critical to work with a manufacturer who can guarantee compatibility and performance, eliminating many of the common concerns and issues that are seen with LED installations.
There are many types of controls and control systems from high voltage (traditional phase control or reverse phase control) to low voltage (0-10V, DMX, DALI) and even some new entries with embedded wireless connectivity in the lamp/fixture. Which one will work best for both your application and the LEDs?
While there have been a variety of control technologies available for years, the proliferation of LED lighting has caused many applications to move away from the typical control choices used for standard incandescent loads. Additionally, the inherent controllability of LEDs makes it likely more applications will incorporate controls. Therefore, becoming educated on the types of control technologies available, such as 0-10V, forward or reverse phase, or others, will be necessary to ensure the proper pairing of the controls with fixtures that support that technology.
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