Titanium was found in 1791 while a United Kingdom chemist studying ilmenite and rutile. Four years later, German chemist in analysis of Hungary red rutile also discovered this element.
He advocated naming in the method of uranium, citing Greece mythology Titan "Titanic" called the new element "Titanium".
The discovered titanium at that time is the titanium dioxide powder, instead of titanium metal powder. Titanium oxide is extremely stable, and titanium can directly combine with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon and so on, so elemental titanium is hard to be prepared. Until 1910, United States chemist was first to prepare 99.9% pure titanium.
Titanium has metal luster, ductility. The melting point is 1660 ± 10, boiling point is 3287. Valence has + 2, +3 and +4. Ionization energy is 6.82 keV. The main feature of titanium is density, high mechanical strength, easy processing. The plasticity of titanium is mainly depending on the purity, the more pure, the larger plasticity. With good corrosion resistance, can not be influenced by air and water. At room temperature, can not corrode by dilute hydrochloric acid, rare sulphuric acid, nitric acid and dilute alkali solution; only hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid can react with it.
Titanium belonging to the precious metal, the abundance in the Earth's crust is seventh, accounted for 0.42%, minerals used for smelting titanium are mainly having ilmenite (FeTiO3), rutile (TiO2) and perovskite. Ore through treated can be obtained volatile titanium tetrachloride, with magnesium restore to get the pure titanium. Titanium with strong strength, the tensile strength of pure titanium was up to 180kgmm2. Some steels' strength were higher than titanium alloy, but titanium alloy special strength (the ratio of tensile strength and density) is exceeding high quality stainless steel. Titanium has good heat intensity, low-temperature toughness and fracture toughness, so mainly used for aircraft engines parts and rockets, missiles structure. Titanium alloys can be used for fuel and oxidizer tank and pressure vessel. Now it has been used titanium alloy to manufacture automatic rifles, mortars and the launching tube of recoilless cannons. In oil industry principally for containers, reactors, distillation towers, heat exchangers, piping, pumps and valves, etc.
Titanium can be used as condensers of electrodes and power stations as well as environmental pollution control devices. Nickel-titanium shape memory alloys on the instrument had been widely applied. In medicine, titanium can be manufacturing artificial bones and various appliances. Titanium is also the deoxidizers of steel-making and the component of stainless steel and alloy steel. Titanium dioxide is good raw materials for paints. Titanium carbide, carbon-titanium hydride is a new type alloy material. The color of titanium nitride is closed to the gold, widely used in decoration.
Titanium powder and titanium alloy widely used in the aerospace industry, are known as the space metal; in addition, in the shipbuilding industry, chemical industry, manufacturing mechanical parts, telecommunications equipment, hard alloy and other aspects has an increasingly wide range of applications. In addition, since titanium alloy also has excellent compatibility with the human body, which is why titanium alloy can be artificial bone.
Article Source:http://www.mhcmp.com
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