Titanium element introduction

Titanium is a metallic element, gray, atomic number is 22, relative atomic mass is 47.87. It can be burned in nitrogen, with high melting point. Titanium and titanium-based alloy are new structural materials, mainly for the aerospace industry and marine industries. From the discovery of titanium element to obtain pure product, it is lasted a hundred years. Earth's surface ten kilometers thick strata containing up to six thousandths of titanium, more than 61 times than copper, ranked tenth levels in the crust (the crust elements ranks: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, hydrogen and titanium). Just a handful of dirt from the ground, which contains a few thousandths of titanium, the world's reserves of more than ten million tons of titanium is not rare.

There are hundreds millions tons of sand on the beach, both titanium and zirconium minerals are mixed in the sand, they are heavier than ore, through the sea millions of years panning around the clock, the relatively heavy ilmenite and zircon sands washed together, cross the long coast, forming a layer of a piece of titanium and zirconium seam. This seam is a kind of black sand, there are usually a few centimeters to tens of centimeters thick.

The hardness of titanium is closed to steel, and its weight is almost only half the volume of steel, although titanium is slightly heavier than aluminum, its hardness is 2 times than Al. Now, in the space rockets and missiles are used a large number of titanium instead of steel. According to statistics, currently the world's titanium for astronautics has reached one thousand tons or more every year. Fine titanium powder also a good rocket fuel, known as cosmic titanium metal, space metal.

Titanium has good heat resistance, the melting point is up to 1725. At room temperature, titanium can safety lay on a variety of acid and alkali solutions. Even the most ferocious acid - aqua regia also nor corrode it. Titanium is no afraid of sea water, it was once a man sink titanium to the bottom, five years later to take up to have a look that many small animals and stuck underwater plants in it, but it is not rusty, still shiny.

Titanium in the periodic table cB group, atomic number 22, atomic nucleus consists of 22 protons and 20-32 neutrons. Titanium’s thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity is poor, similar or slightly lower than stainless steel, titanium has superconductivity. Titanium’s superconductive critical temperature is 0.38-0.4K. Titanium has plasticity, high titanium up to 50-60% elongation, reduction of area up to 70-80%, but low intensity, not suitable for structural materials. The presence of impurities in titanium has a great impact on its mechanical properties, in particular interstitial impurities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) can greatly improve the strength of titanium, significantly reducing its ductility. Titanium as a structural material has good mechanical property, that is, achieved by appropriately strict controlling the amount of impurities and alloying elements.

The nature of titanium has a very close relationship to temperature and its existing form, purity. Dense titanium metal in nature is quite stable, but according to metal powder supplier, the titanium powder in the air can cause spontaneous combustion. The presence of impurities in titanium was significant impact the physical and chemical properties, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of titanium. In particular, some interstitial impurities can make the titanium lattice distortion, which will affect the various properties of titanium. In room temperature, titanium has a small chemical activity, can react with hydrofluoric acid and a few of materials, but when the temperature increases the activity of Ti increases rapidly, especially at high temperatures, the titanium can react violently with many substances. The smelting process of titanium are generally under high temperature of above 800, therefore it must be operated in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere protection.

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