Water Treatment Plants In India

Brief IntroIndia accounts for just 4% of global water resources, but its population contribution is 16% to that of world. Also, the cultism of urbanization has intensified stress on civic authorities to ascertain the availability of basic amenities to every Indian such as Infrastructure, Sanitation And Safe Drinking Water. To appease the demand of potable water for each and every citizen, authorities have developed assorted schemes that covers aspects like exploration of raw water sources, Manufacturing of Water Treatment Plants, and most importantly, reconciliation of accustomed water treatment scheme such as aeration, chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. This is very important aspect as the water quality varies immensely in different parts on India.Major Types of Water Treatment Plants in IndiaFluoride Removal And Arsenic Removal Water Treatment Plants are present considerably in India. Their water source is either 'ground water' or 'surface water' and these have different capacities. Main principle of all water treatment plants is - “Removal of Disinfection And Turbidity”.Specifics of Preponderance of Indian Water Treatment PlantsMany Indian Water Treatment Plants use raw water with turbidity    To mix chemicals, some of the plants use Hydraulic Jumps (non-mechanical equipment).    For chlorination, beaching powder and liquid chlorine is used.    Tapered flocculation units of permutating speeds are used, with rectangular settling tanks having hopper bottom.Presence of Rapid Sand Filters in all plants, except in Defluoridation Plants. At Nasik Water Treatment Plant, a dual media filter is in operation that uses Coconut Shell as the succeeding media.Generally, the information about sizes, specifications and layout, etc. of Water Treatment Units In India, is not available. The main reason for this problem can be the separate agencies for the “water supply system operation & maintenance” and “water treatment plant execution”. Further, there are no operation manuals in various water treatments in India.Algae Problem In Indian Water Treatment PlantsDuration for which a filter runs, depends on the presence or absence of algae problem. This problem arises due to the high pollution of the raw water, which is termed as BOD of raw water. At Sikendara Water Treatment Plant, Agra, filter runs for less than 36 hours, due to the presence of algae, whereas standard run-time is 36 to 48 hours. This plant also has Rapid Sand Filters installed in a Filter House.There are some water treatment plants in India, where Rapid Sand Filters are found in open. In this case, algae is outstrip through time-to-time pre-chlorination or cleaning of the filter walls.Backwash Water Resulting From Water Treatment PlantsThe backwash water produced from Narayangiri Water Treatment Plant, Bhopal And Dew Dharam Water Treatment Plant, Indore is used for gardening.At Balaganj Water Treatment Plant, located in Lucknow, India, the process of sedimentation is carried out to recycle the 'filter backwash water'.