Step 1: Making A Mold From an Original SculptureThis step is the most critical. Artisans begin by completely covering an original sculpture with specially formulated silicone or latex to capture every nuance of the original sculpture. Once completed, the coating is allowed to set. It is reinforced with a fiberglass shell, producing a strong, rigid, lightweight mold.
After setting, the mold is cut in half to remove the original sculpture and sectioned into pieces to facilitate the remaining steps in the casting process.
Step 2: Making a Wax Likeness From the Mold
A thin coating of wax is hand painted onto the inside of each piece of the sectioned mold. This is done to ensure that the wax completely captures every nuance of the mold. After setting, individual pieces are assembled into the major sections of the mold; e.g., base, torso, extremities, etc. Molten wax is poured into the assembled molds, which are rotated throughout the process to allow wax to build up on the “primer coating”. The process is continued until the wax reaches a uniform thickness of roughly 3/8” in all areas. After the wax has cooled, the latex and silicone outer shell is removed from each section, revealing exact wax likenesses of the original sculpture. Artisans buff and finish them, removing any imperfections arising the molding process.
Step 3: Making a Casting Mold From the Wax Likeness
The wax likenesses are each dipped into a mixture of plaster and sand. This process is repeated several times using increasingly course sand and plaster mixtures. Each layer must be allowed to dry before additional layers can be applied. After several layers are applied and allowed to set, a thick, a rigid clay shell is formed around the wax likeness. Often referred to as “investment casting”, the clay shell, once complete, is made ready for bronze casting by artisans who apply runners and vents to the shell to permit molten bronze to enter the shell and hot gases and excess metal to escape.
Step 4: “Burn Out” – Losing the Wax
The clay shells, which have now been allowed to harden around the wax likenesses, are placed upside down in a kiln and baked at high temperatures. High temperature baking hardens the clay shells into bronze-ready molds and at the same time melts away the internal wax likenesses, giving rise to the term “Lost Wax”. The melted wax flows from the casts through runners and vents, resulting in hollowed, fire-hardened clay molds, now ready for bronze casting.
Step 5: Bronze Casting
Molten bronze is immediately poured into the hardened clay casts and allowed to cool. Once cooled, the outer clay shell is carefully chipped away from each section by hand, revealing the cast bronze figures, now ready for final assembly and finishing.
Step 6: Assembling the Sections and Finishing the Sculpture
Artisans carefully and painstakingly reassemble sections of the sculpture and finish the seams and rough edges to produce a flawless finished product, ready for coloration and patina.
Step 7: Finishing and Coloring the Sculpture
The finished sculpture is finely detailed and hand polished prior to coloration and accenting. Artists apply chemicals, pigments and heat by hand to produce the striking visual beauty and extraordinary coloration that is an essential element bringing to life every Big Bronze sculpture.
The Evolution of Buddhism in China: A Historical Overview
Buddhism's journey into China during the Later Han Dynasty under Emperor Han Ming Ti (AD 58-76) marked the beginning of a profound cultural and spiritual transformation. However, it wasn't until the late 3rd century that Buddhism began to gain widespread popularity. This surge in acceptance can be attributed to the social turmoil and barbarian invasions of the time, which made the Buddhist promise of personal salvation particularly appealing. Despite its initial lack of resonance with the inherently societal-focused Chinese philosophy, Buddhism eventually became a major component of Chinese culture and spirituality.
Blues for Buddha: A Critical Examination of Buddhism's Promises
In the serene world of Buddhism, characterized by its appealing traditions and the peaceful demeanor of its followers, the religion often emerges as the most likable among major spiritual paths. With its rich history, inspiring leaders like the Dalai Lama, and a philosophy that seemingly promotes nothing but goodness, Buddhism attracts many who seek truth and enlightenment. However, a deeper dive into its doctrines and practices reveals a complex reality where the ideals of enlightenment often clash with the practical experiences of its followers.
