Natural astaxanthin always exists in some certain animals, algae and micro-organisms vivo. Its production can be divided into animals and their byproducts extraction, the algae extraction and microbial fermentation.
Extracting recycling astaxanthin from crustacean processing waste is one of the main ways for astaxanthin production. It has a long history in this regard. Currently there are four kinds of methods used for astaxanthin extract: alkali formulation, oil-soluble, organic solvent and supercritical CO2 extraction.
Alkali formulation is the application of lye deproteinized principle. In the crustacean processing waste, astaxanthin is mostly associated with the protein that binds to the pigment-binding proteins form. When the cook with hot lye waste, the protein dissolution astaxanthin and protein binding, followed by dissolution so as to achieve the purpose of extraction of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin has a good fat-soluble. Oil-soluble method use of this feature. The grease used mainly for cooking oil lipids, the most common are soybean oil, are also useful in fish oil, such as step fish oil, menhaden fish oil, cod liver oil. Oil consumption directly affects the efficiency of extraction of astaxanthin.
The organic solvent is an effective reagent for extracting astaxanthin. It is usually solvent evaporation after the extraction, which will concentrate astaxanthin to obtain a larger concentration of astaxanthin oil. The glutathione solvent is also recyclable recycled. Common solvents are acetone, ethanol, ethyl ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, hexane and other solvent extraction effect. Found that acetone extract the best while ethanol worst, and from the absorption spectrum of the extract and its specific components vary in different extraction solvent to extract the pigment. Organic solvent extraction and reflux extraction methods can be used, but more extraction. Supercritical fluid extraction technology is a high-tech development in recent years, due to the extraction of products with the advantages of high purity, less solvent residue, non-toxic side effects, more and more attention has been paid.
For much nitrogen lacking of algae, the rain pluvialis is an important astaxanthin producing bacterium. It is considered to have useful prospects of commercial production of algae. In the training process, the algae, nitrogen starvation, the accumulation of astaxanthin in the algal body content up to 0.5% to 2.0%, accounting for 90% of the total carotenoid. Overall, however, the algae autotrophic cycle, water quality, environmental and light demanding, large-scale production has been limited. In addition, 87% of the shrimp in the rain pluvialis in education for the esterification state exist. The tretinoin absorption of certain animals and deposition poor affect the large-scale production of astaxanthin of using algae.
It is known that microorganisms which can produce astaxanthin are lactate mycobacterium, brevibacterium and fungal burden of hymenomycetes. Phaffia yeast is different from the other belong to the same yeast aerobic. It can ferment sugarsand produces over 10 types of carotene, astaxanthin, beta carotene and gamma-carotene. Wild mushroom astaxanthin content accounts for 40% to 95%. The total amount of carotenoids in the wild phaffia rhodozyma is generally not more than 500mg/kg dry yeast. The yeast cell wall is very thick. It is difficult to digest and absorb by animals with broken.Source:http://www.cosprm.com
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