Xẩm singing, a traditional Vietnamese folk music genre, has been an integral part of the country's cultural tapestry for over seven centuries. This art form, which has witnessed the ebb and flow of Vietnam's history, has been recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural world heritage. Xẩm, with its poignant melodies and profound lyrics, offers a window into the soul of Vietnam, reflecting the lives and struggles of its people throughout history.
Xẩm singing originated in the 14th century and flourished in the northern provinces of Vietnam, such as Bac Giang, Hanoi, Ha Dong, Haiphong, Ninh Binh, and Thanh Hoa. This genre was not only a form of entertainment but also a means of livelihood for many, particularly the blind and the impoverished. During its golden age in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Xẩm was a ubiquitous presence in both rural and urban settings, often performed at weddings, funerals, and other communal events.
The mid-20th century saw the rise of renowned Xẩm artists like Nguyen Van Nguyen, Vu Duc Sac, and Ha Thi Cau, who became cultural icons. Ha Thi Cau, despite being illiterate, composed the enduring Xẩm song "Theo Dang tron doi" (Follow Party forever), showcasing the genre's ability to convey complex emotions and narratives. However, from the 1960s, Xẩm singing began to wane, with many talented artists passing away and the tradition facing the threat of extinction.
In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Xẩm singing, with efforts to preserve and promote this unique art form. Performances can now be enjoyed in Hanoi's Old Quarter, particularly on Hang Dao Street, where the tradition is kept alive for both locals and tourists. The genre is known for its eight main tunes, including Xẩm chả, Xẩm xoan, and Huê tình, which are characterized by their storytelling prowess and emotional depth.
Contrary to the belief that Xẩm is solely the domain of the blind or beggars, it is a professional music genre with performances held in diverse settings such as streets, banyan trees, berths, and courtyards. The lyrics of Xẩm songs are rich in folk wisdom, featuring proverbs, poems, and ethical teachings. The art form's rustic yet sincere nature, coupled with its profound ideological content, makes it a unique and valuable aspect of Vietnamese cultural heritage.
The preservation of Xẩm singing is crucial for maintaining the cultural identity of Vietnam. As a reflection of the nation's history and societal values, Xẩm serves as a reminder of the resilience and creativity of the Vietnamese people. Efforts to document, teach, and perform Xẩm are essential in ensuring that future generations can appreciate and continue this remarkable tradition.
For more information on the cultural significance of Xẩm singing and its place in Vietnamese heritage, visit UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage page.
To explore the rich tapestry of Vietnamese traditional music and its various genres, including Xẩm, Cheo, and Ca Tru, consider visiting Vietnam's National Academy of Music website.
For those interested in experiencing Xẩm singing firsthand, planning a trip to Hanoi's Old Quarter is a must. Learn more about Vietnam's travel opportunities and cultural experiences at Vietnam Tourism.
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