The Pitfalls of ActiveX in Modern Web Design

Understanding ActiveX and Its Security Model

ActiveX controls are essentially software components that can be used within Internet Explorer to provide interactive functions, such as video players, games, and other multimedia integrations. When a webpage requests an ActiveX control, the browser checks if the control is already installed. If not, it prompts the user to install it, providing information about the control's origin and security implications.

The Flawed Assumption of User Knowledge

The underlying assumption of ActiveX's security model is that users are knowledgeable enough to make safe choices regarding these controls. However, this is often not the case. Installing an ActiveX control means trusting the source implicitly, assuming it's secure, won't harm the system, and is free of bugs—a significant leap of faith for any user.

The Issue with Security Certificates

Security certificates, meant to validate the trustworthiness of controls, are relatively easy to obtain, which diminishes their effectiveness as a security measure. The numerous reported security problems involving ActiveX controls further undermine user confidence.

The User Dilemma: To Install or Not to Install

Many users, including those who rely on their computers for business and personal use, are understandably hesitant to install ActiveX controls. The risk often outweighs the benefits, especially when considering the vastness of the web and the availability of alternative sites without such requirements.

Best Practices for Web Users

It is generally advisable to restrict the installation of ActiveX controls to well-known, reputable sites, such as Microsoft. The difficulty in assessing the safety of a control makes it prudent to err on the side of caution.

ActiveX vs. Java: A Contrast in Security Approaches

Java, another technology for web applets, employs a different security model that doesn't rely on user education about specific applets. Instead, Java enforces strict rules on what an applet can and cannot do, which has historically resulted in fewer security breaches compared to ActiveX.

Compatibility and Market Reach Concerns

ActiveX is only fully functional in Internet Explorer, and while there is a plugin for Netscape, it's not widely used due to performance issues. This limitation means that websites using ActiveX controls can potentially lose a significant portion of their audience—up to 50% or more, depending on the target market.

Considerations for Web Designers

Web designers should carefully weigh the decision to include ActiveX controls on their sites. The potential loss of a large portion of the audience may not justify the added functionality that ActiveX provides.

The Exception: Intranets

In the context of an intranet, where the environment is controlled and users' systems are managed by the organization, the use of ActiveX controls is more acceptable. Here, the security and compatibility issues are less of a concern.

Conclusion and Recommendations

ActiveX controls present a complex challenge in web design, balancing functionality against security and compatibility issues. For public-facing websites, the recommendation is clear: avoid ActiveX to ensure a safer, more accessible user experience. For intranets, however, ActiveX may still have a place, provided the environment is secure and controlled.

For further reading on web security and design best practices, consider visiting the Mozilla Developer Network or W3C's Web Accessibility Initiative.