Copper sulphate is a very useful compound. However, needless to say, this chemical becomes an irritant to highly toxic depending on how it is handled. Well, all substances, even water becomes toxic.
Copper sulphate is a fairly stable compound which means it does not readily react with other substances. It is not flammable or combustible. But it is an environmental pollutant and must be carefully incorporated when used in its varied applications.
Initial exposure to Copper Sulphate causes irritation of eyes, nasal passages, and skin. The skin irritation involves itchiness and redness. Upon initial inhalation coughing and difficulty in breathing occurs. The substance is also a gastrointestinal tract irritant. It causes vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and cramps, loose bowel movement, and a metallic taste. At large doses of accidental intake renal failure, comatose and even death can occur. Long term exposure to Copper Sulphate may lead to liver damage, lung diseases, and decreased female fertility.
Copper occurs naturally in the soil and water. Its presence in minute concentrations is necessary for plant and animal growth. But at high concentrations copper and its compounds may pose some threat. Decreased lifespan, problems in reproduction, decreased fertility, and alteration of behavior and appearance are seen in animals, birds, fishes, and plants that are exposed to Copper Sulphate. This environmental pollutant may find its course from one organism to another in what is called bioaccumulation or biomagnification.
Proper handling of Copper Sulphate is therefore required to avoid negative effects that may accompany otherwise.
The following measures may be done in case of contact:
Spillages of Copper Sulphate are health hazards. The area must be isolated and any attempt of entry by unauthorized and unprotected persons should not be permitted. Small spills may be mopped and wiped off. Large volumes of spilled Copper Sulphate can be neutralized with sodium carbonate or soda ash. Properly dispose the waste materials after. Contamination of this substance in the ground, streams, and sewers must be prevented. The substance is a known pollutant at certain levels.