Many factors affect the extent of crop damage after a flood. Seasonal temperatures can be a major factor.The warmer mid-summer weather increases the rate of damage and death to submerged plants.
Plants that encounter flash-flooding along creeks where the water rises and recedes quickly are most likely to survive. They will experience less oxygen depletion than submerged plants. Other factors for survival include water movement and plant height. Standing water is more harmful than moving water. Plants with some leaves protruding from the water are more likely to live.You probably can restore irrigated pastures without serious production losses if silt deposits are not over 2 inches and erosion is minimal.Recovery usually depends on the type of legume. Alfalfa probably will recover from moderate silting better than white clover varieties. White clover will not survive silting that covers the ends of the growing stems or stolons. Ladino clover, however, will fill in stands from a few surviving plants if the area is not too large.
Grasses such as ryegrass, orchardgrass, fescue and meadow foxtail will probably grow through a moderate silt deposit, and can stand several days of flooding without injury. Tall fescue will tolerate more water than ryegrass or orchardgrass. Meadow foxtail and reed canary grass can stand longer submersion than other perennial grasses.
Subsurface water saturating the root zone of deep-rooted crops such as alfalfa can damage the plant as much as surface water. To take care of excess soil moisture, open drainage ditches as soon as possible.
Overly Mature PerennialsSome overly mature alfalfa or clover grass can be partially salvaged by mixing with less mature forage and ensiling the crop. Although nutritional value will be low, this is a fast method of removing the crop to ensure a good second cutting.
Ensile perennials in either conventional upright or temporary trench silos. To make a trench silo:
To make the silage:
To minimize damage to flooded hay crops, remove old growth from fields that have not been harvested. This will encourage a good aftermath crop. Make this crop into hay or silage.
If crop is silt-damaged, chop it uniformly back onto the field. Then topdress immediately with fertilizer. You also may want to apply nitrogen to stimulate legumes as well as grasses. Check with an agronomist for recommended application rates.
On fields harvested just prior to the flood, make crop into hay or silage. Then topdress field with fertilizer. Check with your county Extension agent for specific recommendations.
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