Summary: In a universe governed by the second law of thermodynamics, how does the complexity of life on Earth arise? This article delves into David Christian's exploration of this paradox, highlighting the role of "Goldilocks conditions" and "threshold events" in the evolution of complexity. By examining the intricate dance between entropy and order, we gain a humbling perspective on our place in the cosmos.
David Christian, in his TED Talk, poses a profound question: "In a universe that observes the second law of thermodynamics, how can we have the complexity that is life on this planet?" The second law of thermodynamics states that systems naturally progress towards disorder, or entropy. For instance, a newly built brick wall will inevitably deteriorate over time unless maintained. This principle seems to contradict the existence of complex life forms that appear to defy this natural tendency towards chaos.
Christian suggests that the answer lies in the concept of "Goldilocks conditions"—specific circumstances that are "just right" for complexity to emerge. These conditions, combined with vast amounts of time and space, create opportunities for complexity to arise. Professor Timothy Bedding from the University of Sydney supports this view, noting that given the universe's 13.8 billion-year history, the emergence of complexity is not just possible but probable.
The Goldilocks principle, which states that something must fall within certain margins to be effective, is observed in various fields:
Christian's "Big History" framework identifies key Goldilocks conditions and the threshold events they enable:
As complexity increases, so does fragility. Specialized organisms are less adaptable to environmental changes, making them more vulnerable. Historical "global fires," such as the meteorite impact that caused the dinosaurs' extinction, demonstrate how sudden changes can drastically reduce biodiversity.
Douglas Adams, in his book "The Restaurant at the End of the Universe," introduces the "Total Perspective Vortex," a device that shows individuals their insignificance in the vast universe. This concept mirrors the humbling realization that our existence is the result of countless serendipitous events and conditions.
Understanding the intricate interplay of Goldilocks conditions and threshold events offers a glimpse into the "Total Perspective Vortex." It underscores the improbability of our existence and the delicate balance that sustains life, providing a profound sense of humility.
The complexity of life on Earth, in the face of the second law of thermodynamics, is a testament to the extraordinary interplay of specific conditions and events over billions of years. By appreciating this intricate dance, we gain a deeper understanding of our place in the cosmos and the fragile nature of the complexity that defines us.
The Challenges of Staying Still
How have humans come to the level of prosperity that we now enjoy? With our permanency on the earth, how do we manage the balance between improving our lifestyles and dealing with the consequences on our environment?
Technology and Transition
Over the last century there has been exponential growth in technology. How able are we to predict the future of technology and what are the social effects of increased technology usage?
On Humour, the Division of Labour and Their Contribution to Our Prosperity
When considering how we came to today's quality of life, most would think of the industrial revolution or changes in technology. How has humor and the division of labour contributed to human development?
