Athena, Minerva, Sulis: The Many Facets of the Divine Mother

May 20
22:57

2024

Judi Singleton

Judi Singleton

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Although She is only One, She manifests in various forms or goddesses, each highlighting a unique attribute of the Divine Mother. This concept is easy to grasp when we consider our own earthly mothers. She is the mother of the hearth when she is cooking and feeding us. She is the warrior mother when someone attacks us and she is protecting us. She is the muse mother when she is inspiring us to do our best. She is the healer when we are sick. Each perspective is only one of the aspects she wears in the drama of life for all eternity.

Athena: The Greek Goddess of Wisdom and War

Athena,Athena, Minerva, Sulis: The Many Facets of the Divine Mother Articles the Greek virgin goddess of wisdom, reason, and the arts, is a fascinating figure in mythology. According to legend, she sprang fully grown from Zeus' head, symbolizing her role as a deity of intellect and strategic warfare. Athena was Zeus' favorite and was granted the privilege to use his weapons, including his thunderbolt. She is often depicted wearing a helmet and carrying a spear and shield, along with the magic aegis—a goatskin breastplate fringed with snakes that produced thunderbolts when shaken.

Unlike Ares, who represented the chaotic and brutal aspects of war, Athena embodied the intellectual and civilized side of conflict. She was a wise and prudent adviser, revered for her strategic acumen. Sacred symbols associated with Athena include the olive tree, serpent, owl, lance, and crow.

Interesting Fact:

Athena's association with the olive tree is particularly significant. According to myth, she gifted the olive tree to the city of Athens, which became a vital resource for the city's economy and culture. The olive tree symbolizes peace and prosperity, further highlighting Athena's role as a goddess of wisdom and civilization.

Minerva: The Roman Goddess of Wisdom and War

Minerva, often equated with the Greek goddess Athena, was originally an Etruscan goddess of dawn. She is revered as a goddess of wisdom, as the light of dawn symbolizes knowledge. Minerva guides heroes in war and is the patroness of all arts, crafts, guilds, and medicine. Ovid referred to her as "the goddess of a thousand works," crediting her with the invention of musical instruments, numbers, and various crafts, including weaving.

Symbols and Significance:

  • Serpent: Represents life energy and the creative impulse.
  • Owl: Symbolizes death and wisdom, making Minerva a goddess of both dawn and transformation.

Minerva's dual nature as a goddess of wisdom and death underscores the belief that knowledge and transformation are interconnected. She embodies the idea that wisdom can lead to profound change and renewal.

Interesting Fact:

Minerva was also considered a goddess of commerce and trade. The Roman festival Quinquatria, held in her honor, was a five-day event that included various activities such as gladiatorial games and theatrical performances, reflecting her diverse influence on Roman society.

Sulis: The Celtic-Roman Goddess

In Britain, at the turn of the 1st millennium CE, Minerva was depicted throughout Celtic Britain in both purely Roman fashion and in the more abstract Celtic style. However, in Bath, at the temple of Aquae Sulis, she became fully equated with the Celtic goddess Sulis. Sulis was revered as a goddess of healing and sacred waters, and her temple in Bath was a significant pilgrimage site.

Interesting Fact:

The temple of Aquae Sulis in Bath was one of the most important religious sites in Roman Britain. The hot springs at Bath were believed to have healing properties, and the temple attracted visitors from across the Roman Empire seeking cures for various ailments.

The Divine Mother: A Multifaceted Deity

Just as our earthly mothers take on different roles, the Divine Mother manifests in various forms to meet our needs. Whether we seek protection, wisdom, healing, or inspiration, we can call upon the aspect of the Divine Mother that aligns with our needs. She is the great mother, the female side of the divine, embodying the nurturing, protective, and transformative qualities that guide us through life.

References:

  1. The Gods of Roman Britain, Miranda Jane Green, Shire Archaeology, 1993, ISBN#: 0852636342, pp. 29-31.
  2. Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend, Miranda J. Green, Thames & Hudson, 1992, ISBN#: 0-500-01516-3, pp. 200-202.
  3. Celt and Greek: Celts in the Hellenic World, Peter B. Ellis, Constable, 1997, ISBN#: 0-09-475580-9, p. 50.