Sheela-na-gig: The Enigmatic Celtic Goddess

May 20
22:59

2024

Judi Singleton

Judi Singleton

  • Share this article on Facebook
  • Share this article on Twitter
  • Share this article on Linkedin

Sheela-na-gig, a figure deeply rooted in early Irish and British Celtic traditions, symbolizes birth, life, and the gateway to the womb of the goddess. This article delves into the origins, significance, and interpretations of Sheela-na-gig, a quasi-erotic stone carving that has intrigued historians and scholars for centuries.

mediaimage

Origins and Historical Context

Sheela-na-gig is a representation of a goddess figure,Sheela-na-gig: The Enigmatic Celtic Goddess Articles often depicted as an old woman displaying her vulva. These carvings are predominantly found on Norman churches, but their origins likely predate these structures, tracing back to Celtic traditions. The earliest known Sheela-na-gig carvings date back to at least 1080 AD, though their roots are believed to be much older.

Connection to the Goddess Morrigan

Some scholars suggest that Sheela-na-gig may be linked to the war goddess Morrigan, consort to the Dagda. This connection is supported by the presence of Sheela-na-gig carvings near ancient goddess shrines, such as Avebury, where they symbolized fertility and were believed to ward off evil.

Symbolism and Interpretations

The Sheela-na-gig carvings are rich in symbolism and have been interpreted in various ways over the centuries. Here are the four main categories of interpretation:

  1. Fertility Icons: Sheela-na-gig is often seen as a symbol of fertility, representing the life-giving power of the goddess.
  2. Warnings Against Sins of the Flesh: Some interpretations suggest that these carvings served as moral warnings against sexual immorality.
  3. Representations of the Celtic Goddess Trinity: Sheela-na-gig may be part of the Celtic goddess trinity, embodying the crone aspect of the triple goddess.
  4. Protection from Evil: The carvings were believed to have protective qualities, warding off evil spirits and bringing good luck.

Etymology and Cultural Significance

The name "Sheela-na-gig" has been the subject of various etymological studies. In Mesopotamia, the term "nu-gug" referred to sacred temple harlots, suggesting a possible connection. Kathryn Price Theatana offers an in-depth etymological analysis on her website, which is worth exploring for those interested in the linguistic roots of the name.

Sheela-na-gig in Art and Architecture

Sheela-na-gig carvings are found on churches, castles, and other significant buildings from the medieval period. These carvings are often weathered, indicating their ancient origins. Notably, many churches where Sheela-na-gig carvings are found were built on former pagan sites, suggesting a continuity of sacred spaces.

Notable Examples

  • Church Stretton Sheela: This carving shows significant weathering compared to the surrounding masonry, indicating it was likely repurposed from an older structure.
  • Kilpeck Church: Known for its rich collection of medieval carvings, including a well-preserved Sheela-na-gig.

Modern Interpretations and Cultural Impact

Despite their overtly sexual nature, Sheela-na-gig carvings are often grotesque or comical, depicting hags or old women with exaggerated features. This duality of sexuality and grotesqueness has sparked various modern interpretations and continues to captivate contemporary audiences.

Interesting Statistics

  • Number of Known Carvings: There are over 100 known Sheela-na-gig carvings in Ireland and Britain, with the highest concentration in Ireland (Kelly, 1996).
  • Cultural Resurgence: In recent years, Sheela-na-gig has seen a resurgence in popular culture, appearing in art exhibitions and feminist literature (Irish Museum of Modern Art, 1994).

Conclusion

Sheela-na-gig remains a fascinating and enigmatic figure in Celtic history. Her carvings, rich in symbolism and historical significance, continue to intrigue scholars and enthusiasts alike. Whether viewed as a fertility icon, a moral warning, or a protective symbol, Sheela-na-gig embodies the complex and multifaceted nature of the goddess in early Irish and British Celtic traditions.

References

  • Anderson, Jorgen. The Witch on the Wall: Medieval Erotic Sculpture in the British Isles. Rosenkilde and Baggen, Copenhagen, 1997.
  • Camphausen, Rufus. The Encyclopedia of Sacred Sexuality. Inner Traditions: Vermont, 1999.
  • Cherry, S. A Guide to Sheela-na-gigs. National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 1992.
  • Kelly, Eamonn P. Sheela-na-gigs: Origins and Functions. Country House, Dublin, 1996.
  • Marron, Fiona. "Sheela-na-gig: A Letter from Fiona Marron". The Beltaine Papers. Issue #10, Lammas 1996.
  • McGarry, Greg. Sheila Na Gig: A Celtic Treasure Hunt. Preas An Phuca, Donegal, 1993.

For further reading, you can explore the National Museum of Ireland and the Irish Museum of Modern Art.